Efficiency of BRICS countries in sustainable development: a comparative data envelopment analysis

Efficiency of BRICS countries in sustainable development: a comparative data envelopment analysis
Authors: Isabella Melissa Gebert; Felipa de Mello-Sampayo
Journal: International Journal of Development Issues
Volume & Issue: Volume 24, Issue 1
Published: February 18, 2025

This research article provides a comparative assessment of the efficiency of BRICS countries—Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—in achieving sustainable development. The study employs data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate how effectively these nations convert resources and technological innovations into sustainable economic, social, and environmental outcomes over the period 2010–2018, while also comparing results with the earlier period 2000–2007.

The findings reveal significant variation in performance: Russia and South Africa lead in several sustainability dimensions, with South Africa demonstrating particular strength in environmental sustainability, whereas Brazil shows high efficiency in resource utilization for sustainable growth. China and India, despite notable economic expansion, face challenges including pollution and lower quality of life indicators.

The study emphasizes that efficiency is multifaceted and calls for tailored strategies to improve industrial quality, employment conditions, and environmental policies. It also highlights the broader social imperative of balancing economic growth with equity, poverty reduction, and environmental protection. While DEA methodology and variable selection impose some limitations, the research offers a novel perspective on sustainable development efficiency in BRICS countries, providing policymakers and scholars with actionable insights to foster more balanced and effective development trajectories.